>>2 You're making me feel bad before I even start typing by apologizing for the length of your post.
Here we go anyway.
>>1 Depends on your definition of young adult. Mid-teenage people, 14~16? It's likely they're into increasingly complex material, since they're reaching a point in adolescence when they start developing a real personality. Before this age most kids would be satisfied with cheap thrills due to an unrefined taste in things (note that 'refined' doesn't necessarily mean 'good', it just means tempered)
Although, they likely wouldn't follow much of it on a very analytical level. This is speaking from experience now - around that age is when I started watching/reading anime/manga like Death Note and Code Geass. Stuff that appeals to thought, without requiring the viewer to understand it on every intrinsic level.
Others might be interested in something they can immediately relate to, like romance and slice-of-life highschool manga like K-On or Haruhi. Or perhaps something more emotionally stimulating, like Toradora.
I've never honestly heard someone seriously say they liked something because of blood and guns. Maybe as a passing/joking comment about how awesome something is, like saying you like Gurren Lagann for its giant robots rather than its thematic elements. However, if we're going for the very lowest spectrum of "young adult", which is around 13~14, then it might be true that they associate violence with maturity. Which is silly and immature. That isn't to say that actiony manga are for people of bad taste either, though - but when it's the only redeeming quality, it's rather two dimensional.
If I had to generalize, I'd say young adult literature in general encompasses highly emotional content, be it through drama, suspense, or romance. Younger kids don't really care about that stuff, because they lack a sense of immersion into the characters of a story. They just want to know how it ends. But when they first start to understand character development, it opens up a whole new field for them to experience.
Or maybe I'm completely wrong. I dunno. I was sort of a young adult once, I think.