>>11 and
>>12 I apologize for making everything more confusing, but i believe that i finally have your answer. Please disregard the parts about Jewish law in
>>4 and
>>6, that was incorrect.
Here is an answer that comes partially from the Catechism of the Catholic Church.
We believe that the old law is holy, good and spiritual, but we believe it to be imperfect. It does not give us the strength and grace of the Holy Spirit. According to Saint Paul, the old law's special function is to reveal and condemn what is sinful.
This sets us up for the New Law which is laid down by Jesus in various parts of the Gospels, and more in the Sermon on the Mount specifically. This new law is a law of love. It does not set up new precepts for us to follow, but helps us understand the core attitudes behind how we act. It can be summarized in these three Gospel teachings.
"Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind"(Lk 10:27)
"Do to others what you would have done to you."(Mt 7:12)
"Love one another as i love you."(Jn 15:12)
These summarize all of the Ten Commandments. All of the 613 laws, some of which you have brought up, were created to suit the needs of the Hebrews in their time frame. They were also all built to support the Ten Commandments. But with the New Law of Love, such extremes are no longer necessary. We are told to no longer condemn sinners, but to forgive them and embrace them as Jesus himself did. Anyone who feels the need to punish someone extraordinarily (stoning, killing, ostracizing) is stepping outside of the bounds of Catholic teaching.
I hope this helps to clear up my horrible explanations. Please ask more if i did not answer completely.